Background of the Study
Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for immune function, growth, and development. A deficiency in zinc weakens the immune system, making children more susceptible to infections such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria (Ogundele & Yusuf, 2023). In developing regions, including Sokoto State, zinc deficiency is widespread due to poor dietary intake, food insecurity, and limited access to zinc supplementation.
Children under five years of age are particularly vulnerable to zinc deficiency because of their increased nutritional demands. The lack of zinc in their diet leads to frequent illnesses, stunted growth, and poor cognitive development. Despite global health initiatives advocating for zinc supplementation, many children in Sokoto State still suffer from immune-related complications due to zinc deficiency. Addressing this issue is critical for improving child health outcomes in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the established role of zinc in immune function, many children in Sokoto State experience frequent infections and poor growth due to inadequate zinc intake. The extent of zinc deficiency and its specific impact on immune function among children remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its effects on immune function among children in Sokoto State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children in Sokoto State.
2. To examine the impact of zinc deficiency on immune function and susceptibility to infections.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation programs in improving immune health.
Research Questions
1. What is the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children in Sokoto State?
2. How does zinc deficiency affect immune function and susceptibility to infections?
3. How effective are zinc supplementation programs in reducing immune-related complications?
Research Hypotheses
1. Zinc deficiency is significantly prevalent among children in Sokoto State.
2. Zinc deficiency weakens immune function and increases susceptibility to infections.
3. Zinc supplementation programs improve immune function and reduce infection rates among children.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on children under five years of age in Sokoto State. Limitations may include challenges in accurately measuring zinc intake and potential difficulties in tracking immune health improvements over time.
Definitions of Terms
• Zinc Deficiency: A condition caused by inadequate zinc intake, leading to impaired immune function and growth.
• Immune Function: The body's ability to fight infections and maintain overall health.
• Zinc Supplementation: The intake of zinc-rich foods or supplements to prevent deficiency and improve health outcomes.
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